Tvoy Raschet

Debt collectors: what it is

Companies that help banks and microfinance organisations recover overdue debts, or buy such debts. They may call and write to the debtor, but the law strictly limits how often and in what way.

In Russian: Коллекторы·Kollektory

Loans and mortgages Checked by the editorial team Checked: September 2026

In Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus

Russia

Only companies listed in the FSSP register (ФССП, the Federal Bailiff Service) may work with individuals' debts (Law No. 230-FZ). They may call no more than once a day, twice a week and 8 times a month; they may not call at night (from 22:00 to 8:00 on weekdays and from 20:00 to 9:00 on weekends) or make threats. After 4 months of delay, you can use a notary or a court to refuse contact with collectors or to allow contact only through a representative.

Kazakhstan

In Kazakhstan, collection agencies operate under the Law «On Collection Activities» and must be listed in the register of the Agency for Regulation and Development of the Financial Market.

Sources: Federal Bailiff Service of Russia («ФССП России»), Federal Law No. 230-FZ on the recovery of overdue debts («О защите прав и законных интересов физических лиц при осуществлении деятельности по возврату просроченной задолженности»), ConsultantPlus

This information is for reference only and does not constitute financial, tax or legal advice. Prepared by our editorial team, last checked: September 2026. Found an error? Write to us.

Related terms

Late payment (overdue debt)A loan payment that was not made on time, in full or in part. For a late payment the bank charges a penalty and reports it to credit bureaus, and after a long delay it can demand the whole debt back.Court bailiffs (FSSP)The state service that enforces court decisions by force: it writes off money from accounts, withholds part of wages, seizes the debtor's property and can ban them from leaving the country.Personal bankruptcyA procedure after which debts a person cannot pay are written off. In return their property (except protected property) is sold, and restrictions apply for several years.MicroloanA small short-term loan from a microfinance organisation (MFO): issued quickly with almost no checks, but at a very high rate — up to 0.8% a day.Debt restructuringA change to the loan terms with the same bank when payments have become hard to make: the bank extends the term, lowers the payment or grants a deferral. It is not a new loan.

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