In Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus
Russia
For a mortgage the co-borrower is often the spouse: banks usually require this if the flat will be jointly owned. For the family mortgage, from 1 February 2026 both spouses must be co-borrowers. A co-borrower can get the property tax deduction if they are also an owner.
Kazakhstan
In Kazakhstan co-borrowers are also brought in mainly for mortgages; their income is counted when the debt burden is calculated.
Sources: Bank of Russia financial literacy website «Финансовая культура» (Financial Culture)